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How does pension income get taxed in retirement?

Answered 17 March 2026

How Pension Income Gets Taxed in Retirement

What the law says

The charge to Income Tax on pension income is established under Part 9 of ITEPA 2003. Specifically, section 579A ITEPA 2003 applies to any pension under a registered pension scheme, subjecting it to Income Tax as pension income. Section 579A does not apply to the extent that an unauthorised payments charge arises on the payment under section 208 FA 2004.

The taxable amount is determined by section 579B ITEPA 2003: the taxable pension income for a tax year is the full amount of the pension that accrues in that year, irrespective of when any amount is actually paid.

Annuities under, or purchased with sums or assets held for the purposes of, a registered pension scheme are also chargeable to Income Tax as pension income under sections 579A–579D ITEPA 2003.

Employer contributions to a registered pension scheme are exempt from Income Tax — no liability arises in respect of earnings where an employer makes contributions under a registered pension scheme.

Tax-free pension commencement lump sum (PCLS): When a member becomes entitled to pension benefits, the scheme may pay a tax-free lump sum (a "pension commencement lump sum") under paragraph 1, Schedule 29 FA 2004. Pension commencement lump sums are not subject to Income Tax. The maximum is generally 25% of the total funds coming into payment.

Small lump sums (trivial commutation etc.): Where a lump sum represents uncrystallised benefit rights, 25% is free of Income Tax and the balance is chargeable as pension income. Where it represents crystallised rights, the whole payment is chargeable to Income Tax as pension income.


HMRC guidance / practice

PAYE collection: Pension income from registered pension schemes falls within the definition of "PAYE pension income" under section 683 ITEPA 2003. The pension payer is responsible for deducting tax under PAYE. For dependants' scheme pensions, the payer deducts tax via PAYE on the full amount accruing in the year.

Scope of pension income for tax purposes broadly includes:

  • All occupational and registered pension scheme pensions
  • The basic State Pension and related payments (e.g. SERPS additions)
  • Income withdrawal (drawdown) under a registered pension scheme
  • Certain lump sums under sections 636B or 636C ITEPA (small pension pots)
  • Unauthorised payments under section 208(2)(a) or (b) FA 2004

Non-registered / employer-financed schemes (EFRBS): If a scheme is not a registered pension scheme, it may be an EFRBS. There is no tax relief for employee contributions to an EFRBS, and the scheme pays tax on its investment income. When benefits are taken, any lump sum is treated as employment income and taxable under PAYE.

Winding-up lump sums: Where a member has not previously drawn benefits, 75% of a winding-up lump sum is taxable as pension income (accountable through PAYE), with 25% paid tax-free to reflect the pension commencement lump sum entitlement the member would otherwise have had.


Summary Table

Type of payment Tax treatment
Regular pension / annuity from registered scheme Fully taxable as pension income; PAYE applies
Pension commencement lump sum (up to permitted max) Tax-free
Uncrystallised funds lump sum 25% tax-free; 75% taxable as pension income
Crystallised funds lump sum 100% taxable as pension income
EFRBS lump sum Taxable as employment income under PAYE
Unauthorised payments Subject to unauthorised payments charge (FA 2004 s.208)

Citation sources

1 MANUAL
Lump sum allowance and lump sum death benefit allowance: Primary protection: Lump sum protection in excess of £375,000

Paragraph 28 Schedule 36 Finance Act 2004 Individuals are able to take a pension commencement lump sum (see PTM063200) when they take some or all of their pension benefits. Pension commencement lump sums (PCLS) are not subject to income tax. Primary protection requires uncrystallised lump sum rights at 5 April 2006 to be valued, and uses that figure to modify the individual’s authorised pension commencement lump sum permitted maximum. Effectively this means that the starting point for an indi

HMRC guidance
2 LEGISLATION
Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003

Part 9 Pension income Chapter 5A PENSIONS UNDER REGISTERED PENSION SCHEMES Taxable pension income 579B If section 579A applies, the taxable pension income for a tax year is the full amount of the pension under the registered pension scheme that accrues in that year irrespective of when any amount is actually paid This is subject to section 579CA.

Primary legislation
3 MANUAL
The taxation of pension income: annuities chargeable to tax as pension income

Sections 579A-579C and 579D ITEPA 2003 Annuities under, or purchased with sums or assets held for the purposes of, a registered pension scheme are chargeable to Income Tax as pension income. The tax treatment of the annuity depends on whether it is payable in the member’s lifetime or because of the death of a pension scheme member or beneficiary. EIM75400 provides guidance on the definition of pensions paid from a registered pension scheme and the tax treatment of payments to members. EIM75600 p

HMRC guidance
4 MANUAL
PAYE: background to PAYE on special types of payment: introduction

Part 11 Chapter 1 defines PAYE income as consisting of: any PAYE employment income for the year any PAYE pension income for the year any PAYE social security income for the year. The meanings of PAYE employment income, PAYE pension income and PAYE social security income respectively are stated in Section 683 ITEPA 2003. Broadly these are amounts taxable as employment income, pension income and social security income respectively.

HMRC guidance
5 MANUAL
Member benefits: pensions: lifetime annuity

Paragraph 1, 2 and 3(3) to (5) Schedule 29 Finance Act 2004 Where the contract is purchased from uncrystallised funds, a lump sum paid in connection with the annuity purchase may be paid tax-free if it satisfies the requirements for a pension commencement lump sum. The legislation defines the circumstances where a tax-free lump sum may be paid, and the maximum amount. To be treated as a pension commencement lump sum, the lump sum payable under the scheme must be linked to the arising entitlement

HMRC guidance
6 LEGISLATION
Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003

Part 9 Pension income Chapter 5A PENSIONS UNDER REGISTERED PENSION SCHEMES Pensions 579A 1 This section applies to any pension under a registered pension scheme (but subject to subsection (2) and section 579CZA ). 2 This section does not apply to a pension under a registered pension scheme if and to the extent that, when it is paid, a liability to the unauthorised payments charge arises in respect of the amount of the payment (see section 208 of FA 2004). 3 Chapter 17 of this Part provides exemp

Primary legislation
7 MANUAL
Member benefits: lump sums: small pension payments

Regulations authorise certain small lump sums to be paid from a registered pension scheme without having to follow the more demanding conditions for what is formally termed a trivial commutation lump sum. Such one-off small lump sum payments are allowed as authorised member payments in relation to individual registered pension schemes, or related occupational pension schemes. The circumstances under which such one-off payments can qualify as authorised member payments are set out earlier on this

HMRC guidance
8 MANUAL
General principles: meaning of pension scheme

If a scheme is not a registered pension scheme it may be an employer-financed retirement benefit scheme (EFRBS). An EFRBS is a scheme that can pay certain retirement or death benefits for employees or former employees called ‘relevant benefits’. The establishment of an EFRBS should be reported to HMRC. There’s no tax relief for employee contributions to an EFRBS and such schemes do not get any of the explicit tax advantages that registered pension schemes get. For example, an EFRBS should pay ta

HMRC guidance
9 MANUAL
Eligibility - income (other than earnings): Income - pensions (Info)

You should include any of the payments, pensions or annuities listed below as pension income for tax credits. These mirror the income tax provisions. Broadly, this includes all occupational and registered pension scheme pensions and the basic retirement pension and related payments, for example the earnings related addition under the State Earnings Related Pension Scheme (SERPS). Any annuity, pension or stipend payable by the Crown or out of the public revenue of the UK or of Northern Ireland by

HMRC guidance
10 MANUAL
Member benefits: lump sums: winding-up lump sum

Paragraph 11 schedule 31 Finance Act 2004 Paragraph 59 schedule 10 Finance Act 2005 Section 637G Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 Payment of a winding-up lump sum does not reduce the member's lump sum allowance or lump sum and death benefit allowance. If the member has not previously drawn (or become entitled to) any other benefits under the registered pension scheme before the winding-up lump sum is paid, 75% of the lump sum paid is treated as taxable pension income of the member for

HMRC guidance
11 MANUAL
Death benefits: types of pension: dependants' scheme pension: conditions

Sections 579A to 579C Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 The person receiving the dependants’ scheme pension is liable for Income Tax on the amount they receive, as pension income. The payer of the pension will deduct tax in accordance with the PAYE regulations. The taxable pension income for a tax year is the full amount of the scheme pension under the registered pension scheme that accrues in that year, irrespective of when any amount is actually paid.

HMRC guidance